Serafimovich, Alexander. Alexander Serafimovich
Popov (aka Serafimovich), a genuine Don Cossack, was born on
19 January 1863 in the village of Nizhne-Kurmoyarskaya, 100 miles east
of Rostov-on-Don. At age three, he and his family moved to Poland
with his father, who was stationed there with a
Cossack regiment. In 1874, they returned to the Don and settled in
Ust-Medveditskaya (later renamed Serafimovich).
After his father's
death, he secured a military scholarship and studied mathematics
and physics at the University of Petersburg. He met Alexander
Ulyanov, Lenin's older brother, and joined a revolutionary student
group. In 1887 he was arrested for writing a proclamation about
the attempted assassination of Alexander III. He was exiled to
Mezen in Archangel Province in the far north for three years.
In 1890
he returned to Ust-Medveditskaya, then moved to Novocherkassk and
Rostov-on-Don, surviving by giving lessons and contributing
sketches to local newspapers. During this time, he got involved in People's Will groups and carried on propaganda for them.
In 1902 he moved to Moscow and
dedicated himself to writing. In 1903 he joined Maxim Gorky's
cooperative publishing enterprise Znanie, which published three volumes of Serafimovich's stories. He participated
in the 1905 Revolution in Moscow's Presnya district. He traveled
to Finland in 1910. In 1915, after the outbreak of World War I, he went to
Galacia where he and Lenin's sister, Maria Ulyanova, served as
medical orderlies. He was also correspondent for Russkiye
Vedomosti. He was one of the first writers to support the
October Revolution and was given responsibility for the artistic
section of Izvestiya.
In March 1918 he was at the civil war
front as a correspondent for both Izvestiya and
Pravda. He joined the Communist Party in 1918. After the
Civil War he was active in editorial work as a board member of
Tvorchestvo and chief editor of Oktyabr. He was
awarded the Stalin Prize, Order of the Red Banner and Order of
Lenin. He died in Moscow 0n 19 January 1949.
Works: On an Ice-Floe (1889), a story of hunters on the
White Sea. The Snow Desert (1889). On Rafts (1890).
The Switchman (1891), a railway story. In The Health
Resort (1902), a tale set in Yalta where Serafimovich himself
has received treatment for tuberculosis. Into the Storm
(1903), a fishing tale. On the Shore (1903), another
fishing tale. In Presnya (1906), The Bombs (1906),
and How They Were Hanged (1908) reflect his experience
during the 1905 revolution. In the Middle of the Night
(1906) contains a portrayal of a workers' mass meeting in the
Crimea. The Glow of the Fire (1907), describes the burning
of church estates. At the Precipice (1907) shows punitive
measures taken by the authorities after the events of 1905.
Forest Life (1908), set in Archangel province. Sands
(1908), a story of peasant greed and murder, was praised by Lev
Tolstoy. Chibis (1908), a sad tale about a homeless family
of farm laborers roaming the Don country. A Town in the
Steppe (1912), his first novel, tells the tale of the struggle
between capitalists and proletarians as a new industrial town is
built in the Don steppes. Three Friends (1914), about life
on a small farm in the Don. Short Summer Night (1916),
deals with exploitation of children. The Black Three-Cornered
Cap (1914) and Thermometer (1914) deal with the poverty
and suffering of ordinary people during wartime. The
Revolution, the Front and the Rear (1917-1920), a series of
civil war sketches and tales. His main novel, The Iron
Flood (1924), describes the march of the Taman Army between
late August and mid-September 1918. It depicts mass action, mass mentality, and the class essence of the Civil War. Two Deaths (1926) is story of a woman who volunteers to spy on the White cadets during street-fighting in Moscow following the Revolution. Over the Don Steppes (1931)
is a series of sketches about the life of the Don Cossacks.
Collective Farm Fields and an autobiographical novel
remained unfinished at his death.
Source: Luker, Nicholas. "From Furmanov to Sholokhov", Ardis
1988.
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